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We are all going to go through it. Many of us have already started. First, a bit of pain in the knee as we play sports. Then as we walk. The pain in the knee as we continue to play gets worse, and lasts longer. We are taking Advil before we play. We are putting on knee braces. Now the knee hurts almost all the time. We are taking more Advil. We go to an orthopedic surgeon and he tells us we have osteoarthritis and that it is going to get worse. Maybe we get a hyaluronic acid injection. But that wears off. And then comes the bad news: we need a total knee replacement.Is there an alternative? ASC Bio has one: regenerate the cartilage in your knee so it is as good as new. No osteoarthritis. Future posts will tell you how we will do this and how we know&nbsp;it will work.<p style="border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(62,172,255,.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-size: 18px; line-height: calc(28px * var(--body-fontHeight, 1)); font-weight: 400; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;" data-mce-style="border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(62,172,255,.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-size: 18px; line-height: calc(28px * var(--body-fontHeight, 1)); font-weight: 400; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;"><img id="dmig27699tlud4d3rx" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/13Z3Po7cH4tDmLMieBQsE0GTTzrV3m5EE7pz788RS30FRT42xkx8SARXJYoJIJUJ.png" alt="two woman sitting by the window laughing" title="two woman sitting by the window laughing" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/13Z3Po7cH4tDmLMieBQsE0GTTzrV3m5EE7pz788RS30FRT42xkx8SARXJYoJIJUJ.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" style="border-color: rgba(229,231,235,var(--tw-border-opacity)); --tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-pan-x: ; --tw-pan-y: ; --tw-pinch-zoom: ; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-gradient-from-position: ; --tw-gradient-via-position: ; --tw-gradient-to-position: ; --tw-ordinal: ; --tw-slashed-zero: ; --tw-numeric-figure: ; --tw-numeric-spacing: ; --tw-numeric-fraction: ; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(62,172,255,.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/); --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-border-opacity: 1; --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); --tw-bg-opacity: 1; width: 640px; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; object-position: center center;">The picture above is an arthritis defect in cartilage. It is a mess. Look at the deep hole in the middle. All the cartilage is gone and even a lot of the bone under the cartilage is gone. There is non-cartilage tissue in the hole.&nbsp;<img id="hxudu4op9lud4era6" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/fVzFuHMlrUO2SnTOSN6FB9taM9Vvs3x4gOxOIANl0k11ARfv4LOT7kDZ7rkL9kdi.png" alt="two women sitting beside table and talking" title="two women sitting beside table and talking" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg selected" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/fVzFuHMlrUO2SnTOSN6FB9taM9Vvs3x4gOxOIANl0k11ARfv4LOT7kDZ7rkL9kdi.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-mce-selected="1">The picture above is that same arthritis treated with ASC Bio's MASCs (Multipotent Adult Stem Cells). There is continuous cartilage across all of the defect and there is bone underneath. It looks just like the normal cartilage on each side and looks like it never had arthritis.

Rengenerating Knee Cartilage with ASC Bio's MASCs

ASC Bio's Human MASCs do not cause an immune rejection response in young, healthy rats. Studies using other human adult stem cells use immunocompromised rats or mice. We wondered if human MASCs would cause an immune rejection? So we did a PPD test by injecting human MASCs sub-q into young, healthy, normal rats. Seven rats were injected with 10-20 million cells in 0.5 ml of DMEM. When there was no observed reaction after 2 weeks, the last animal received 42 million cells.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On Day 0, a small lump was present:<figure id="figure-fppjshqxalruw1cvk"><img id="fppjshqxalruw1cvk" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/e93eQa9LoeqaRLGZucQbOoFizqAh8bbKaurBdZ8vL8vmjeYkDd1KTAYDZjtJX4iO.png" alt="" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="3:2" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/e93eQa9LoeqaRLGZucQbOoFizqAh8bbKaurBdZ8vL8vmjeYkDd1KTAYDZjtJX4iO.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;"></figure>That was expected because it was 0.5 ml of liquid in the skin.&nbsp; Control of DMEM alone or rat MASCs had the same bump.&nbsp; On day 2 the bump was still there, buy by Day 7 it was gone:&nbsp;<figure id="figure-6oh673su4ulruwdu0q"><img id="6oh673su4ulruwdu0q" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/18JPOXMtRp6jfFxLIZfRyha0Ts5dCREYNVmNfTpNLtd3tHfViqX8WvHJS6uv6CXi.png" alt="" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="3:2" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/18JPOXMtRp6jfFxLIZfRyha0Ts5dCREYNVmNfTpNLtd3tHfViqX8WvHJS6uv6CXi.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;"></figure><figure id="figure-bvxyhdqh5flruwfcw7"><img id="bvxyhdqh5flruwfcw7" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/22cDcPSNeI84uXoHHmLem5MroC9JaMjM6rL3U1jfY2sWtcg49X40BYDUduAMMWZu.png" alt="" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg selected" style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="3:2" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/22cDcPSNeI84uXoHHmLem5MroC9JaMjM6rL3U1jfY2sWtcg49X40BYDUduAMMWZu.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-mce-selected="1"></figure>Day 2 top photo, Day 7 bottom photo. This was the same reaction for DMEM alone or rat MASCs in DMEM. If this was a PPD test, then the result would be “negative. Why? Well, MASCs have no MHCII and very low levels of MHCI.

Human MASCs do not cause an immune rejection response in young, healthy rats

ASC Bio's MASCs (Multipotent Adult Stem Cells ) differentiate into many different cell types in vitro. We do this by treating the adherent MASCs with logarithmic doses of dexamethason, from 10-10 M to 10-6 M. &nbsp;Of course, 0 M dexamethasone is the control &nbsp;One of the cell types that the MASCs differentiate into is cartilage. However, what is interesting is that we see different morphologies of cartilage. At 10-6 M dexamethasone we see this:<figure id="figure-30is4oefsclrb04yx5"><img id="30is4oefsclrb04yx5" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/18tCaZkO5OPynOQi6GCqRsvi7n2A0brqDIN1Fuu3ZxhCM5vzqwEMhL0fRsgV1xoc.png" alt="chondrocytes with surrounding fibroblast-like cells" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="3:2" data-caption="These are chondrocytes with surrounding fibroblast-like cells. " data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/18tCaZkO5OPynOQi6GCqRsvi7n2A0brqDIN1Fuu3ZxhCM5vzqwEMhL0fRsgV1xoc.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;"><figcaption class="body-normal text-gray-500 mt-2">These are chondrocytes with surrounding fibroblast-like cells.</figcaption></figure>But at 10-9 M dexamethasone, we see this morphology:<figure id="figure-piw5mjmeeklrbafr6i"><img id="piw5mjmeeklrbafr6i" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/16Uppw6dW1O3QjoKyU00IG9CzcQzcqoAqxejPehOkn3oEaciyF0nynHh4PWR1ltE.png" alt="These are chondrocytes but appear not to have any surrounding cells. " class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="3:2" data-caption="These are chondrocytes but appear not to have any surrounding cells. " data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/16Uppw6dW1O3QjoKyU00IG9CzcQzcqoAqxejPehOkn3oEaciyF0nynHh4PWR1ltE.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 3/2; object-position: center center;"><figcaption class="body-normal text-gray-500 mt-2">These are chondrocytes but appear not to have any surrounding cells.</figcaption></figure>It is possible that these are 2 different types of cartilage. The top could be fibrocartilage while the bottom would be articular chondrocytes. Further development in regrowing cartilage at ASC Bio is ongoing.

MASCs Differentiate into Cartilage

<figure id="figure-k4bm9t77kplr1277t8"><img id="k4bm9t77kplr1277t8" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/f0zkcHDMUq7hKd22xlq1GTWkKuA9xntKF1Oma7XeJOJT4KfuXfQbbwwuIekFm25Q.png" alt="ASC Bio RNA sequence analysis of 4 cell types" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 1/1; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="1:1" data-caption="" data-positionX="undefined" data-positionY="undefined"/></figure> This is a principal component map of the RNA sequence analysis of 4 cell types: &nbsp;1) ASC Bio’s Multipotent Adult Stem Cells: MASCs 2) Mesenchymal stem cells (bone marrow and placental): BM.MSC and PL.MSC 3) Embryonic stem cells: ESC 4) Smooth muscle cells (a typical differentiated cell): SMCThe plot shows that MSCs, ESCs, SMCs, and MASCs all have very distinct gene expression profiles. MSCs isolated from bone marrow and placenta, as expected, are very similar.The bottom line is that MASCs are a unique stem cell, distinct from MSCs and ESCs. &nbsp;The GEO number for the RNAseq for the MASCs is GSE140119.

ASC Bio has discoverd a new type of stem cell

ASC Biosciences is the next evolution of Regenerative Medicine. ASC Bio has developed a proprietary off-the-shelf allogeneic adult stem cell capable of regenerating nearly every tissue in the human body. The Multipotent Adult Stem Cells (“MASCs”) actually differentiate to the specialized cells in damaged tissue, restoring that tissue to its original condition. MASCs can be grown in nearly unlimited numbers to provide as many cells as necessary to regenerate even large areas of damage. In addition, the MASCs can be delivered on demand. The time has come for a general stem cell that overcomes barriers of quality, numbers, and economics.<figure id="figure-fy060mms72lqygstdi"><img id="fy060mms72lqygstdi" src="https://durable.sfo3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/blocks/17ldckB6FFpqyACKfGJpysJbpL4a0Zzpwa04t1oeNj8NeDKP2wSI1BboS1TO86Ks.jpg" alt="Multipotent Adult Stem Cells (“MASCs”)" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 rounded-sm md:rounded-md lg:rounded-lg" style="aspect-ratio: 1/1; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="1:1" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-mce-src="https://durable.sfo3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/blocks/17ldckB6FFpqyACKfGJpysJbpL4a0Zzpwa04t1oeNj8NeDKP2wSI1BboS1TO86Ks.jpg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 1/1; object-position: center center;"></figure>

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Rengenerating Knee Cartilage with ASC Bio's MASCs

Human MASCs do not cause an immune rejection response in ...

MASCs Differentiate into Cartilage

ASC Bio has discoverd a new type of stem cell

The next evolution of Regenerative Medicine